Project:Ball 1969 revisited
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Review by Gordon H. Ball on "Organisms living on and in Protozoa", published in 1969, that was itself an update of a 1941 review by Harold Kirby under the same title.
What is the current state of knowledge of the symbioses described in that review?
The review was subdivided by the symbiont organism classification.
Bacteria and Spirochaetes
Epibionts
| Host taxon | Symbiont taxon | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Devescovininae | Termite gut flagellates, mostly based on studies by Kirby | |
| Macrotrichomonas virgosa | ||
| Foaina signata | ||
| Mixotricha paradoxa | ||
| Rostronympha magna | ||
| Polymastix lineatus | ||
| Streblomastix strix | ||
| Urinympha sp. ex Cryptocercus sp. | ||
| Oxymonas grandis | ||
| Hyperdevescovina calotermitidis | ||
| Lophomonas striata | "Fusiformis lophomonadis" | |
| Chrysostephanosphaera globulifera | ||
| Lepochromulina calyx | ||
| Spongomonas discus, S. minima | ||
| Phalansterium digitatum | ||
| Petalomonas sphagnicula, P. symbiotica | ||
| Metapolytomas bacteriferum | ||
| Volvox aureus | Pseudomonas fluorescens | Attempts to culture Volvox axenically failed |
| Entamoeba histolytica | Attempts to culture Entamoeba axenically failed | |
| Centrophorella (=Kentrophoros) | Caulobacteria, Thiobacteriaceae |
Endobionts
| Host taxon | Symbiont | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Trichonympha | "Caryococcus" (Micrococcaceae) | "Nuclear parasitism is apparently widespread in Trichonympha, although... the incidence in a given population was frequently low." |
| Trichonympha turkestanica (= Deltotrichonympha turkestanica) | two morphotypes in cytoplasm | |
| Devescovnindae | Endobionts in numerous species, in addition to epibionts | |
| Gigantomonas herculea | nine kinds of "symbiotes" in cytoplasm and nucleus" | |
| Crithidia oncopelti (=Strigomonas oncopelti) | "bipolar bodies" found to be bacteria | |
| intestinal mammalian and amphibian flagellates | "rods in the cytoplasm" | |
| Costia pyriformis | rod-shaped bodies in cytoplasm | ectoparasitic flagellate of trout |
| Pelomyxa palustris | large rods "Cladothrix" around nucleus and glycogen granules; "Bacterium parapelomyxae" allegedly isolated | |
| Amoeba proteus | "so-called alpha-particles, smaller than mitochondria, in the cytoplasm" | |
| Acanthamoeba castellani | gram-negative, flagellated cells | "could not be grown outside of living organisms, they infected and multiplied in numerous other soil amoebae..." |
| Opalinidae | reported in 'endoplasm' | |
| Paramecium caudatum | Holospora sp. in macronucleus, infected macronucleus fills up to 80% of cell; another type also found | |
| Paramecium bursaria | zoochlorellae-free individuals parasitized by small endoplasmic spheres | |
| Paramecium aurelia (killerless kappa mutants) | gram-negative acid-fast bacterium | |
| Euplotes sp. | filamentous bacteria, penicillin-susceptible | |
| Vorticella cf. similis | bacterium in macronucleus | |
| Trichophrya micropteri | rod shaped bodies in cell | |
| rumen ciliates | bacteria and other microorganisms in cytoplasm and nuclei |